Research and review papers – sports nutrition, exercise physiology, psychology

It is established that protein requirements are elevated in athletes to support their training and post-exercise recovery and adaptation, especially within skel

ailability for postexercise protein synthesis. We aimed to determine the impact of training with low-CHO availability on estimates of dietary protein requiremen

Creatine has been considered an effective ergogenic aid for several decades; it can help athletes engaged in a variety of sports and obtain performance gains. C

Markers for low iron status were associated with Triad risk factors. Our study suggests that female athletes with history of anemia or iron supplementation may

The term sarcopenia refers to the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength that generally occurs during aging. The interventions that have proved most effectiv

Although there is a plethora of information available regarding the impact of nutrition on exercise performance, many recommendations are based on male needs du

Endurance athletes expend large amounts of energy in prolonged high-intensity exercise and, due to the weight-sensitive nature of most endurance sports, often p

The commercial market is saturated with technologies that claim to collect proficient, free-living sleep measurements despite a severe lack of independent third

J Physiol0.0 (2021) pp 1–271The Journal of PhysiologyCarbohydrate improves exercise capacity but does notaffect subcellular lipid droplet morphology, AMPK and p

Elite volleyball athletes experience significant physical and psychological demands during the competitive season. The aim was to compare the dietary intake of

Soyfoods have long been recognized as sources of high-quality protein and healthful fat, but over the past 25 years these foods have been rigorously investigate

Objective The microbiome directly affects the balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses in the gut. As microbes thrive on dietary substrates,

Protein requirements change with age. Are the current recommendations meeting needs of the aging population? Read more here.

Background There is evidence that caffeine increases the maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) and aerobic capacity, which are known to be lower in the morning than

Creatine is a nonessential dietary component that, when supplemented in the diet, has shown physiological benefits in athletes, in animal-based models of diseas

Low energy availability (EA) suppresses many physiological processes, including ovarian function in female athletes. Low EA could also predispose athletes to de

Low energy availability (EA) suppresses many physiological processes, including ovarian function in female athletes. Low EA could also predispose athletes to de

Ketogenic diet has been introduced in therapeutic areas for more than a century, but the role of ketones in exercise performance has only been explored in the p

Although physical exercise and dietary restriction can be both used to induce energy deficits, they have been suggested to favor different compensatory appetiti

Resistance exercise training (RET)-induced increases in voluntary 1RM strength are greater if the RET is performed with higher loads and replication (…

This study investigated dietary supplementation as a prophylactic for neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a preclinical model. Adult mal

Scientists are starting to work out how the gut microbiome can affect brain health. That might lead to better and easier treatments for brain diseases.

The term sarcopenia refers to the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength that generally occurs during aging. The interventions that have proved most effectiv

Purpose This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the nutritional strategies to treat the signs and symptoms related to EIMD. These strategie

Caffeine and Exercise Performance

Skeletal muscle supports locomotion and serves as the largest site of postprandial glucose disposal; thus it is a critical organ for physical and metabolic heal

Energy availability (EA) is defined as the amount of dietary energy available to sustain physiological function after subtracting the energetic cost of exercise

ClinicalTrial.gov NCT02478801.

Concentrations of endogenous sex hormones fluctuate across the menstrual cycle (MC), which could have implications for exercise performance in women. At present

: Depression is the most common mental illness, achieving more than 264 million people worldwide. Although diet quality may be associated with depress…

Previous research has established that general sleep screening questionnaires are not valid and reliable in an athlete population. The Athlete Sleep Screening Q

med treadmill running at 75% V˙O2max, until exhaustion, on three occasions. Blood was collected before and immediately, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 24 h postexercise, for m

The provision or restriction of select nutrients in an athlete’s diet can elicit a variety of changes in fuel utilization, training adaptation, and perfor

The aim of this review was to determine the effect of an acute bout of exercise on gut damage and permeability outcomes in healthy populations.

Variation in the gut microbiome can reflect host lifestyle, behaviour, and influence blood-based biomarkers. Here the authors examine associations between the m

The present review critically evaluates existing literature on the effects of short- and long-term low energy availability (EA) on bone metabolism and health in

Vegetarian diet and the risk of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms: A review.

Athletes and sleep review.

A recent food technology innovation has seen sodium alginate and pectin included in solutions of multiple transportable CHO….

Abstract. The ability of athletes to train day after day depends in large part on adequate restoration of muscle glycogen stores, a process that requires the c

The long-term decay rate of serum ferritin post-iron infusion in athletic populations is currently unknown. Here, we modelled the decay rate of serum ferritin i

lateralis biopsies were obtained either during the game (n = 7) or pregame and postgame (n = 6). Venous blood samples were drawn pregame and at the end of the…

Providing sport physicians with practical recommendations on how to exclude cardiorespiratory complications of COVID-19 in elite athletes.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate randomized controlled trials that investigated the use of probiotic, prebiotic, and ferment…

The limits on maximum sustained energy expenditure are unclear but are of interest because they constrain reproduction, thermoregulation, and physical activity.

Research on tryptophan metabolism, along the kynurenine pathway, which has important implications in depression and how age related muscle loss may relate.

John A. Hawley , Michael J. Joyner and Daniel J. Green

Adaptation to low carb high fat diet.

This expert statement outlines good practice to follow when conducting and implementing female athlete-based research.

The present review critically evaluates existing literature on the effects of short- and long-term low energy availability (EA) on bone metabolism and health in

ABSTRACT. Background: Because disordered eating (DE) has been related to menstrual irregularity (MI) and low bone mineral density (BMD) in some studies of fema

Written by one of the leading researchers in sports science and nutrition, Dr. Louise Burke.

Mental fatigue reflects a change in psychobiological state, caused by prolonged periods of demanding cognitive activity. It has been well documented that mental

Background—exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and internal exercise load are increased after competing in ultraendurance events such as mountain marath

The possible therapeutic impact of dietary changes on existing mental illness is largely unknown. Using a randomised controlled trial design, we aimed to invest

Bone resorption is increased after running, with no change in bone formation. Feeding during exercise might attenuate this increase, preventing associated probl

With ageing, bone tissue undergoes significant compositional, architectural and metabolic alterations potentially leading to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is the m

Associations of bone mineral density (BMD) with specific food components, including dietary fiber and isoflavones (that have a negative association with serum e

The Female Athlete Triad (Triad) represents a syndrome of three interrelated conditions that originate from chronically inadequate energy intake to compensate f

Human Ultra-Endurance Exercise (i.e., any walking, running, swimming, kayaking, and/or cycling competition longer than six hours) is a relevant topic both for b

Introduction We repeated our study of intensified training on a ketogenic low-carbohydrate (CHO), high-fat diet (LCHF) in world-class endurance athletes, with f

The purpose of this review was to identify studies that have investigated the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse on exercise performance, and to quantify

Background—exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and internal exercise load are increased after competing in ultraendurance events such as mountain marath

ted questionnaires and was used to assess elements of physical characteristics, exercise training habits, and libido of participants (n = 1077). Three evidence-

Background and Objectives: Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) has been introduced as a broad-spectrum syndrome leading to possible dysfunction in numer

The effect of ketogenic diets (KD) on body composition in different populations has been investigated. More recently, some have recommended that athletes adhere

young to middle-aged males and females using the same resistance training protocol. The protocol was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018094276). Meta-analyse

Nutrients. 2020 Jan 31;12(2). pii: E390. doi: 10.3390/nu12020390. Review

There is significant overlap between the neuropathology of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and the cellular role of creatine, as well as evidence of neural creatine alterations after mTBI. Creatine…

ABSTRACTBackground. Aging appears to attenuate the response of skeletal muscle protein synthesis (MPS) to anabolic stimuli such as protein ingestion (and the e

Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000 Aug;32(8):1373-7.

Peak bone mass (PBM) is a negative predictor of osteoporosis and life-long fracture risk. Because osteoporosis is such a prevalent disease with life-threatening consequences later in life, it is important…

Associations of bone mineral density (BMD) with specific food components, including dietary fiber and isoflavones (that have a negative association with serum estrogen), are unclear and need to be determined,…

Objective We performed a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression to determine if dietary protein supplementation augments resistance exercise training (RET)-induced gains in muscle mass and strength. Data sources A systematic…

Does your carbohydrate intake impact your protein needs as an athlete? Tune and in learn more.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Aug 1;104(8):3131-3145. doi: 10.1210/jc.2019-00089.

Training at low to moderate altitudes (~ 1600–2400 m) is a common approach used by endurance athletes to provide a distinctive environmental stressor to augment training stimulus in the anticipation…

Cycling is considered to be a highly beneficial sport for significantly enhancing cardiovascular fitness in individuals, yet studies show little or no corresponding improvements in bone mass.A scientific literature search…

New Canadian Study shows that more is not always better. Investigators found high dose vitamin D led to significantly lower BMD vs recommended intakes.

J Appl Physiol (1985). 1995 Mar;78(3):867-74. Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t

(A MUST READ!) The exploits of elite athletes delight, frustrate, and confound us as they strive to reach their physiological, psychological, and biomechanical limits. We dissect nutritional approaches to optimal…

Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018 Feb;28(2):630-640. doi: 10.1111/sms.12912. Epub 2017 Jun 19. Randomized Controlled Trial

Protein ingestion following resistance-type exercise stimulates muscle protein synthesis rates, and enhances the skeletal muscle adaptive response to prolonged resistance-type exercise training. As the adaptive response to a single bout…

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of endurance training on whole body substrate oxidation and glucose and glycerol turnover during 90 min of exercise at…

Many athletes deal with depression. This study looks at the potential impact of a Mediterranean style diet and fish oil supplementation on mental health and overall health in people with…

Background Caffeine is a widely used ergogenic aid with most research suggesting it confers the greatest effects during endurance activities. Despite the growing body of literature around the use of…

The present review critically evaluates existing literature on the effects of short- and long-term low energy availability (EA) on bone metabolism and health in physically active individuals.We reviewed the literature…

Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004 Dec;36(12):2107-11. Clinical Trial; Controlled Clinical Trial